Tāwharanui Peninsula is a finger of land projecting into the

Hauraki Gulf The Hauraki Gulf / Tīkapa Moana is a coastal feature of the North Island of New Zealand. It has an area of 4000 km2,North Auckland Peninsula The Northland Peninsula, called the North Auckland Peninsula in earlier times, is in the far north of the North Island of New Zealand. It is joined to the rest of the island by the Auckland isthmus, a narrow piece of land between the Waitematā ...

New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...

. It separates Omaha Bay to the north from Kawau Bay and

Kawau Island Kawau Island is in the Hauraki Gulf / Tīkapa Moana, close to the north-eastern coast of the North Island of New Zealand. At its closest point it lies off the coast of the Northland Peninsula, just south of Tāwharanui Peninsula, and about ...

to the south. The nearest sizable town is Warkworth. Tāwharanui Regional Park covers 588 hectares of the peninsula's land and Tāwharanui Marine Reserve covers the northern coastal sea. Both are administered by Auckland CouncilTāwharanui Marine Reserve
Department of Conservation. which also owns the regional park. Geologically the peninsula consists of Waitemata Sandstone on top of folded and uplifted

greywacke Greywacke or graywacke (German ''grauwacke'', signifying a grey, earthy rock) is a variety of sandstone generally characterized by its hardness, dark color, and poorly sorted angular grains of quartz, feldspar, and small rock fragments or lit ...

. Tāwharanui Marine Park was established offshore of the peninsula in 1981 as New Zealand's first

Marine Protected Area Marine protected areas (MPA) are protected areas of seas, oceans, estuaries or in the US, the Great Lakes. These marine areas can come in many forms ranging from wildlife refuges to research facilities. MPAs restrict human activity for a conse ...

. The marine park was replaced by Tāwharanui Marine Reserve in September 2011.

North Island brown kiwi The North Island brown kiwi (''Apteryx mantelli''; ''Apteryx australis'' or ''Apteryx bulleri'' as before 2000, still used in some sources) is a species of kiwi that is widespread in the northern two-thirds of the North Island of New Zealand an ...

was reintroduced into the area.

History

Māori Māori or Maori can refer to: Relating to the Māori people * Māori people of New Zealand, or members of that group * Māori language, the language of the Māori people of New Zealand * Māori culture * Cook Islanders, the Māori people of the C ...

lived in the area for over 800 years. The

name ''Tāwhara-nui'' refers to "the abundant bracts of the kiekie vine". Until the 1870s, the park was occupied by a small ''

hapū In Māori and New Zealand English, a ' ("subtribe", or " clan") functions as "the basic political unit within Māori society". A Māori person can belong to or have links to many hapū. Historically, each hapū had its own chief and normally op ...

'' (sub-tribe) of the Te Kawerau people called Ngati Raupo. The people lived mainly around the catchment of the Mangatawhiri Stream. A significant '' pā'', Oponui, was near the entrance to the park and above the stream outlet was Pa-hi (meaning "lofty fortified settlement"). Tāwharanui provided a large variety of marine and forest resources. This was celebrated in the saying, "''He wha tāwhara ki uta; he kiko tamure ki tai''" – "The flowering bracts of the kiekie on the land, the flesh of the snapper in the sea". Waikokowai (Anchor Bay) provided a valued source of ''kokowai'' or

red ochre Ochre ( ; , ), or ocher in American English, is a natural clay earth pigment, a mixture of ferric oxide and varying amounts of clay and sand. It ranges in colour from yellow to deep orange or brown. It is also the name of the colours produced ...

, which was used for decorative and ceremonial purposes. Tāwharanui was sold by the Māori owners in 1873–1877 and developed as a farm by the Martin, Jones and Young families.

Kauri ''Agathis'', commonly known as kauri or dammara, is a genus of 22 species of evergreen tree. The genus is part of the ancient conifer family Araucariaceae, a group once widespread during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, but now largely res ...

timber was milled and manuka cut for firewood for many years. Shingle was extracted for a hundred years, creating the Jones Bay Lagoon. Nine vessels were wrecked on the Tāwharanui coastline between 1871 and 1978. Anchor Bay is named after the anchor of the ''Phoenix'', wrecked in 1879.Tāwharanui Regional Park
Auckland Regional Council. The Auckland Regional Authority, forerunner of the Auckland Council, purchased the parkland from the Georgetti family in 1973.

Demographics

Tawharanui Peninsula statistical area covers the area east of Warkworth, including Omaha, Point Wells, and

Baddeleys Beach-Campbells Beach Baddeleys Beach and Campbells Beach are a contiguous settlement on adjacent beaches on the southern side of Tāwharanui Peninsula in the Auckland Region of New Zealand. The beaches are on Millon Bay, which is a part of Kawau Bay. The land a ...

. It covers and had an estimated population of as of with a population density of people per km². Tawharanui Peninsula had a population of 1,962 at the

2018 New Zealand census Eighteen or 18 may refer to: * 18 (number), the natural number following 17 and preceding 19 * one of the years 18 BC, AD 18, 1918, 2018 Film, television and entertainment * ''18'' (film), a 1993 Taiwanese experimental film based on the sho ...

, an increase of 342 people (21.1%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 597 people (43.7%) since the

2006 census 6 (six) is the natural number following 5 and preceding 7. It is a composite number and the smallest perfect number. In mathematics Six is the smallest positive integer which is neither a square number nor a prime number; it is the second small ...

. There were 783 households, comprising 966 males and 996 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.97 males per female. The median age was 55.0 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 276 people (14.1%) aged under 15 years, 186 (9.5%) aged 15 to 29, 924 (47.1%) aged 30 to 64, and 579 (29.5%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 95.1% European/Pākehā, 6.6% Māori, 2.0% Pacific peoples, 1.5% Asian, and 1.4% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas was 19.1, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 57.6% had no religion, 33.8% were Christian, 0.2% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.2% were Hindu, 0.2% were Muslim, 0.2% were Buddhist and 0.9% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 390 (23.1%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 195 (11.6%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $37,700, compared with $31,800 nationally. 396 people (23.5%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 693 (41.1%) people were employed full-time, 318 (18.9%) were part-time, and 21 (1.2%) were unemployed.

References

External links

Tāwharanui Marine Reserve
Department of Conservation
Tāwharanui
Auckland Regional Council
Tawharanui Open Sanctuary Society Inc.
{{Rodney Local Board Area Beaches of the Auckland Region Peninsulas of the Auckland Region Nature reserves in New Zealand Wildlife sanctuaries of New Zealand Protected areas of the Auckland Region Regional parks of New Zealand Matakana Coast

History

Demographics

See also

References

External links